why was khalid bin walid dismissed? why was khalid bin walid dismissed?

He is generally considered by historians to be one of the most seasoned and accomplished generals of the early Islamic era, and he is likewise commemorated throughout the Arab world. [59] The enclosure became known as the 'garden of death' for the high casualties suffered by both sides. Khalid accepted and ordered the drafting of a capitulation agreement. [115] Bosra capitulated in late May 634, making it the first major city in Syria to fall to the Muslims. [1] Al-Walid is identified by the historians Ibn Hisham (d. 833), Ibn Durayd (d. 837) and Ibn Habib (d. 859) as the "derider" of the Islamic prophet Muhammad mentioned in the Meccan suras (chapters) of the Qur'an. In this episode you will the complete truth behind Why Did Caliph Umar Dismissed Khalid Al-Walid as General? Was Hazrat Umar a good . [148] Modern historians mostly agree that Umar's dismissal of Khalid probably occurred in the aftermath of Yarmouk. [1], The following year Khalid commanded the right flank of the cavalry in the Meccan army which confronted Muhammad at the Battle of Uhud north of Medina. [112] Upon his accession, Umar may have confirmed Khalid as supreme commander. [181] He is considered "one of the tactical geniuses of the early Islamic period" by Donner. The latter had been assigned by Medina as its tax collector over his tribe and its traditional Asad rivals. [187] Following Abd al-Rahman's death in 666, allegedly as a result of poisoning ordered by Mu'awiya, Muhajir's son Khalid attempted to take revenge for his uncle's slaying and was arrested, but Mu'awiya later released him after Khalid paid the blood money. Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! [59] The Muslims pursued the Hanifa to a large enclosed garden which Musaylima used to stage a last stand against the Muslims. [70], Al-Hira's capture was the most significant gain of Khalid's campaign. CREDIT PICTURE GLOBAL VILLAGE SPACE [93] According to Donner, Khalid undertook two further principal operations before embarking on his march to Syria, which have often been conflated by the sources with events that occurred during the march. [110] The historian Carole Hillenbrand calls him "the most famous of all Arab Muslim generals",[182] and Humphreys describes him as "perhaps the most famous and brilliant Arab general of the Riddah wars and the early conquests". [94] Afterward, Khalid executed the town's Kindite leader Ukaydir, who had defected from Medina following Muhammad's death, while the Kalbite chief Wadi'a was spared after the intercession of his Tamimite allies in the Muslims' camp. In 2013, the Syrian army destroyed Khalid ibn al Walid's grave during their bombardment and siege of the rebel city of Homs. [47] The modern historian Wilferd Madelung discounts Sayf's version, asserting that Umar and other Muslims would not have protested Khalid's execution of Malik if the latter had left Islam,[48] while Watt considers accounts about the Tamim during the Ridda in general to be "obscure partly because the enemies of Khlid b. al-Wald have twisted the stories to blacken him". [72] Khalid encountered stiff resistance there by the tribesmen of the Namir, compelling him to besiege the town's fortress. [177], Khalid died in Medina or Homs in 21 AH (c.642 CE). [161][162] There, Khalid spared the inhabitants following their appeal and claim that they were Arabs forcibly conscripted by the Byzantines. [31] A report preserved in a work by the 13th-century scholar Ibn Abi'l-Hadid claims that Khalid was a partisan of Abu Bakr, opposed Ali's candidacy, and declared that Abu Bakr was "not a man about whom one needs [to] enquire, and his character needs not be sounded out". Why khalid bin walid was dismissed? - hvasvrs.afphila.com In 627 or 629, he converted to Islam in the presence of Muhammad, who inducted him as an official military commander among the Muslims and gave him the title of Sayf Allah (lit. Khlid ibn al-Wald | Arab Muslim general | Britannica [82] In Kennedy's view, Khalid's push toward the desert frontier of Iraq was "a natural continuation of his work" subduing the tribes of northeastern Arabia and in line with Medina's policy to bring all nomadic Arab tribes under its authority. Why did Umar dismissed Khalid? - Camomienoteca.com [99] As his men did not possess sufficient waterskins to traverse this distance with their horses and camels, Khalid had some twenty of his camels increase their typical water intake and sealed their mouths to prevent the camels from eating and consequently spoiling the water in their stomachs; each day of the march, he had a number of the camels slaughtered so his men could drink the water stored in the camels' stomachs. The most famous historical report on Khalid b. Walid is about his behavior toward Malik b. Nuwayra, a companion of Prophet Muhammad (s). [133][122], In the spring of 636, Khalid withdrew his forces from Damascus to the old Ghassanid capital at Jabiya in the Golan. One of the operations was against Dumat al-Jandal and the other against the Namir and Taghlib tribes present along the western banks of the upper Euphrates valley as far as the Balikh tributary and the Jabal al-Bishri mountains northeast of Palmyra. [187][188] Another son of Khalid, Muhajir, was a supporter of Ali, who reigned as caliph in 656661, and died fighting Mu'awiya's army at the Battle of Siffin in 657 during the First Muslim Civil War. Arab sources marvelled at his [Khalid's] endurance; modern scholars have seen him as a master of strategy. Khalid's father was al-Walid ibn al-Mughira, an arbitrator of local disputes in Mecca in the Hejaz (western Arabia). Why does Shia hate Khalid bin walid (R.A)? - YouTube When news of Khalid's actions reached Medina, Umar, who had become Abu Bakr's chief aide, pressed for Khalid to be punished or relieved of command, but Abu Bakr pardoned him. ; ; 1442 Khalid was subsequently demoted and removed from the army's high command by Umar. [3] Contents 1 Early life 2 Muhammad's era (610-632) 2.1 Conversion to Islam 2.2 Military Campaigns during Muhammad's (SAAW) era The Yarbu did not resist, proclaimed their Muslim faith and were escorted to Khalid's camp. [32] Islamic historiography describes Abu Bakr's efforts to establish or reestablish Islamic rule over the tribes as the Ridda wars (wars against the 'apostates'). Why Khalid Ibn Walid Got Fired ~ Mufti Menk - YouTube [153] Medina's lack of a regular standing army, the need to redeploy fighters to other fronts, and the Byzantine threat to Muslim gains in Syria all required the establishment of a defense structure based on the older-established Arab tribes in Syria, which had served as confederates of Byzantium. [1] In that engagement Khalid led a nomadic contingent called muhajirat al-arab ('the Bedouin emigrants'). [154] These tribes likely considered the large numbers of outside Arab tribesmen in Khalid's army as a threat to their political and economic power. selama berapa tahun kah , masa pemerintahan Khulafaurrasyidin ? [27] Vaglieri surmises that the oasis was conquered by Iyad ibn Ghanm or possibly Amr ibn al-As as the latter had been previously tasked during the Ridda wars with suppressing Wadi'a, who had barricaded himself in Dumat al-Jandal. [136] Khalid consequently withdrew, taking up position north of the Yarmouk River,[138] close to where the Ruqqad meets the Yarmouk. [29] Khalid was a staunch supporter of Abu Bakr's succession. [72][73] Al-Hira's Arab tribal nobles, many of whom were Nestorian Christians with blood ties to the nomadic tribes on the city's western desert fringes, barricaded in their scattered fortified palaces. It is believed by scholars that Khalid bin Waleed R.A. died a natural death because he was the Sword of Allah and it was not possible to kill him in the battlefield as the sword of Allah cannot be broken. 5. [45] The latter faced divisions within his army regarding this campaign, with the Ansar initially staying behind, citing instructions by Abu Bakr not to campaign further until receiving a direct order by the caliph. After Medina's entreaties to the leading confederates, the Ghassanids, were rebuffed, relations were established with the Kalb, Judham and Lakhm. He was reassigned by Abu Bakr to command the Muslim armies in Syria and he led his men there on an unconventional march across a long, waterless stretch of the Syrian Desert, boosting his reputation as a military strategist. [8] According to the historian Donald Routledge Hill, rather than launching a frontal assault against the Muslim lines on the slopes of Mount Uhud, "Khalid adopted the sound tactics" of going around the mountain and bypassing the Muslim flank. Military historians, including those at the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, consider Khalid one of the great commanders of history. [40], According to Fred Donner, the subjugation of Arab tribes may have been Khalid's primary goal in Iraq and clashes with Persian troops were the inevitable, if incidental, result of the tribes' alignment with the Sasanian Empire. [18], Khalid was afterward dispatched to invite to Islam the Banu Jadhima in Yalamlam, about 80 kilometers (50mi) south of Mecca, but the Islamic traditional sources hold that he attacked the tribe illicitly. Khalid died in either Medina or Homs in 642. [198] The Mamluk sultan Baybars (r.12601277) attempted to link his own military achievements with those of Khalid by having an inscription honoring himself carved on Khalid's mausoleum in Homs in 1266. [167], Khalid may have participated in the siege of Jerusalem, which capitulated in 637 or 638. [187] As a result, his family's properties, including his residence and several other houses in Medina, were inherited by Ayyub ibn Salama, a great-grandson of Khalid's brother al-Walid ibn al-Walid. One group advocated for a companion closer in kinship to Muhammad, namely his cousin Ali, while another group, backed by new converts among the Qurayshite aristocracy, rallied behind Abu Bakr. [179][199], Since at least the 12th century, Khalid's tomb has been purported to be located in the present-day, The purported tomb of Khalid within the Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque, Conversion to Islam and service under Muhammad, Elimination of Musaylima and conquest of the Yamama, The time and place that Khalid gained the epithet, Abu Bakr had previously dispatched the bulk of the Muslim army, under, Most of the Muslim accounts are traced to the prominent 8th-century jurist of, The Muslim forces entered similar agreements with nearly all the cities they besieged in Syria, including, Following his conversion to Islam, Khalid was granted a plot of land by the Islamic prophet, Siraj al-Din Muhammad ibn Ali al-Makhzumi, 7th century in Lebanon aba who have visited Lebanon, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, "The Struggle against Musaylima and the Conquest of Yamama", "Seeing the Light: Enacting the Divine at Three Medieval Syrian Shrines", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khalid_ibn_al-Walid&oldid=1136564853, Supreme commander of Muslim armies in Syria (634636), Field commander in northern Syria (636638), This page was last edited on 30 January 2023, at 23:53. The fact that Khlid is a major hero in the historical traditions of Iraq certainly suggests ties there that can have come only from his early participation in its conquest". After Muhammad's death, Khalid was appointed to Najd and al-Yamama with the purpose of suppressing or subjugating Arab tribes who were opposed to the nascent Muslim state; this campaign culminated in Khalid's victory over Arab rebel leaders Tulayha and Musaylima at the Battle of Buzakha in 632 and the Battle of Yamama in 633, respectively. Khalid ibn Al-Waleed | Islamic History Musalman Mujahid Ep7 | Why Did Caliph Umar Dismissed Khalid Bin Waleed [74] In the meantime, the other part of Khalid's army harried the villages in al-Hira's orbit, many of which were captured or capitulated on tributary terms with the Muslims. [60] This assessment, along with the exhaustion of his own troops, compelled Khalid to accept Mujja'a's counsel for a ceasefire with the Hanifa, despite Abu Bakr's directives to pursue retreating Hanifites and execute Hanifite prisoners of war. [82], Athamina doubts the Islamic traditional narrative that Abu Bakr directed Khalid to launch a campaign in Iraq, citing Abu Bakr's disinterest in Iraq at a time when the Muslim state's energies were focused principally on the conquest of Syria. He initially headed campaigns against Muhammad on behalf of the Quraysh. [35] The tribes in Bahrayn may have resisted the Muslims until the middle of 634. [117][118], Khalid and the Muslim commanders headed west to Palestine to join Amr as the latter's subordinates in the Battle of Ajnadayn, the first major confrontation with the Byzantines, in July. He attended the battle of Mu'ta and the Conquest of Mecca. What was the main cause of the Battle of Uhud? [153] Athamina holds that "with all his military limitations", Abu Ubayda would not have been considered "a worthy replacement for Khlid's incomparable talents". Afterward, Khalid married Malik's widow Umm Tamim bint al-Minhal. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [123] Modern research questions Abu Ubayda's arrival in Syria by the time of the siege. why was khalid bin walid dismissed? - mail.zipperdown.org [126][131] The treaty probably served as the model for the capitulation agreements made throughout Syria, as well Iraq and Egypt, during the early Muslim conquests. [126] On the other hand, al-Baladhuri holds that Khalid entered peacefully from Bab Sharqi while Abu Ubayda entered from the west by force. Khalid is a brave warrior and our ardent supporter. [8] The narratives of the battle describe Khalid riding through the field, slaying the Muslims with his lance. why was khalid bin walid dismissed?the renaissance apartments chicago snoopy happy dance emoji 8959 norma pl west hollywood ca 90069 8959 norma pl west hollywood ca 90069 [89] In Kennedy's assessment, Khalid was "a brilliant, ruthless military commander, but one with whom the more pious Muslims could never feel entirely comfortable". [39] Throughout the campaign, Khalid demonstrated considerable operational independence and did not stringently abide by the caliph's directives. The issue of succession had caused discord among the Muslims. [130][d], Although the accounts cited by al-Waqidi (d. 823) and Ibn Ishaq agree that Damascus surrendered in August/September 635, they provide varying timelines of the siege ranging from four to fourteen months. He is generally considered by historians to be one of the most seasoned and accomplished generals of the early Islamic era, and he is likewise commemorated throughout the Arab world. Most of these accounts hold that the caliph's order was prompted by requests for reinforcements by the Muslim commanders in Syria. [119][120] The battle ended in a decisive victory for the Muslims and the Byzantines retreated toward Pella ('Fahl' in Arabic), a major city east of the Jordan River. why was khalid bin walid dismissed? - losfelizledger.com Why khalid bin walid was dismissed? - fasareie.youramys.com [6] Through his maternal relations Khalid became highly familiarized with the Bedouin (nomadic Arab) lifestyle. Tags: Topics: Question 16 . Khalid continued service as the key lieutenant of his successor Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah in the sieges of Homs and Aleppo and the Battle of Qinnasrin, all in 637638. [122] Khalid advanced,[122] possibly besting a Byzantine unit at the Marj al-Suffar plain before besieging the city. mclaren flint fenton family medicine. Umar then dismissed Khalid from the governorship of Jund Qinnasrin around 638. [67] He arrived at the southern Iraqi frontier with about 1,000 warriors in the late spring or early summer of 633. [122][124] A sixth contingent positioned at Barzeh immediately north of Damascus repulsed relief troops dispatched by the Byzantine emperor Heraclius (r. [27] Crone, dismissing Khalid's role in Iraq entirely, asserts that Khalid had definitively captured Dumat al-Jandal in the 631 campaign and from there crossed the desert to engage in the Syrian conquest. Sword of Allah: Khalid Bin Al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns [140] He stationed an elite squadron of 200300 horsemen to support the center of his defensive line and left archers posted in the Muslims' camp near Dayr Ayyub, where they could be most effective against an incoming Byzantine force. Khalid bin Walid (ra) victories speak volumes of what he accomplished. [69] The details of the campaign's itinerary are inconsistent in the early Muslim sources, though Donner asserts that "the general course of Khalid's progress in the first part of his campaigning in Iraq can be quite clearly traced". [179] Kennedy notes that "his reputation as a great general has lasted through the generations and streets are named after him all over the Arab world". 616618. [12] Khalid was at the head of the cavalry and Muhammad avoided confronting him by taking an unconventional and difficult alternate route, ultimately reaching Hudaybiyya at the edge of Mecca. He fought more than 100 battles and remain undefeated. [47], Following a series of setbacks in her conflict with rival Tamim factions, Sajah joined the strongest opponent of the Muslims: Musaylima, the leader of the sedentary Banu Hanifa tribe in the Yamama,[35][37] the agricultural eastern borderlands of Najd. [134] In Jandora's assessment, Yarmouk was one of "the most important battles of World History", ultimately leading to Muslim victories which expanded the Caliphate between the Pyrenees mountains and Central Asia. SURVEY . The incident of Khalid killing Sahabi Malik bin Nuwayrah (ra) and [7] According to Lecker, Khalid and the other Qurayshite generals "gained precious experience [during the Ridda wars] in mobilizing large multi-tribal armies over long distances" and "benefited from the close acquaintance of the Kuraysh [sic] with tribal politics throughout Arabia". Was it because of Jelousy? Khalid's military fame disturbed some of the pious early Muslims, most notably Umar, who feared it could develop into a personality cult. Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi (Arabic: ) was an Arab Muslim. [140] Khalid and his cavalries used the opportunity to pierce the Byzantines' left flank, taking advantage of the gap between the Byzantine infantry and cavalry. [101] In this route the only span where a desert march could have occurred is between Jabal al-Bishri and Palmyra, though the area between the two places is considerably less than a six-day march and contains a number of water sources. [70] After besting the city's Persian cavalry under the commander Azadhbih in minor clashes, Khalid and part of his army entered the unwalled city. [160] Khalid was dispatched by Abu Ubayda to conquer Qinnasrin (called Chalcis by the Byzantines) and nearby Aleppo. [24] Khalid commanded the Bedouin Banu Sulaym in the Muslims' vanguard at the Battle of Hunayn later that year. [70] The 9th-century histories of al-Baladhuri and Khalifa ibn Khayyat hold Khalid's first major battle in Iraq was his victory over the Sasanian garrison at Ubulla (the ancient Apologos, near modern Basra) and the nearby village of Khurayba, though al-Tabari (d. 923) considers attribution of the victory to Khalid as erroneous and that Ubulla was conquered later by Utba ibn Ghazwan al-Mazini. Caetani cast doubt about the aforementioned traditions, while the orientalist Henri Lammens substituted Abu Ubayda with Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan. [59] The enclosure was stormed by the Muslims, Musaylima was slain and most of the Hanifites were killed or wounded. [65] According to the historian Khalil Athamina, the remnants of Khalid's army consisted of nomadic Arabs from Medina's environs whose chiefs were appointed to replace the vacant command posts left by the sahaba ('companions' of Muhammad). Khalid ibn AI-Waleed [ranhu] "The Sword of Allah" (d. 21 A.H.) It is reported that Prophet Muhammad [saw] said, 'The better ones of you in the Days of Ignorance are the better ones of you in Islam when they understand ( the religion ).". [70] The clashes occurred at Dhat al-Salasil, Nahr al-Mar'a (a canal connecting the Euphrates with the Tigris immediately north of Ubulla), Madhar (a town several days north of Ubulla), Ullays (likely the ancient trade center of Vologesias) and Walaja. Khalid ibn al-Walid | Military Wiki | Fandom [104] The Byzantine rout marked the destruction of their last effective army in Syria, immediately securing earlier Muslim gains in Palestine and Transjordan and paving the way for the recapture of Damascus[134] in December, this time by Abu Ubayda,[131] and the conquest of the Beqaa Valley and ultimately the rest of Syria to the north. Why does Shia hate Khalid ibn al Waleed (R.A)? This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. Why khalid bin walid was dismissed? [28], After Muhammad's death in June 632, one of his early and close companions, Abu Bakr, became caliph (leader of the Muslim community). He was sent northeastward by the caliph Ab Bakr to invade Iraq, where he conquered Al-rah. Khalid b. Walid converted to Islam before the Conquest of Mecca. [162] He followed up by besieging the walled town of Qinnasrin,[163] which capitulated in August/September 638. According to Lecker, Mujja'a's ruse may have been invented by the Islamic tradition "in order to protect Khalid's policy because the negotiated treaty caused the Muslims great losses". Why khalid bin walid was dismissed? Explained by Sharing Culture [22][a], In December 629 or January 630, Khalid took part in Muhammad's capture of Mecca, after which most of the Quraysh converted to Islam. It is believed by scholars that Khalid bin Waleed R.A. died a natural death because he was the Sword of Allah and it was not possible to kill him in the battlefield as the sword of Allah cannot be broken. [43] His tribe, the Asad, subsequently submitted to Khalid, followed by the hitherto neutral Banu Amir, which had awaited the results of the conflict before giving its allegiance to either side. [149] The caliph appointed Abu Ubayda to Khalid's place, reassigned his troops to the remaining Muslim commanders and subordinated Khalid under the command of one of Abu Ubayda's lieutenants; a later order deployed the bulk of Khalid's former troops to Iraq. [191][e], The family of the 12th-century Arab poet Ibn al-Qaysarani claimed descent from Muhajir ibn Khalid, though the 13th-century historian Ibn Khallikan notes the claim contradicted the consensus of Arabic historians and genealogists that Khalid's line of descent terminated in the early Islamic period. [39] His forces were drawn from the Muhajirun and the Ansar. [175] According to the Muslim jurist al-Zuhri (d. 742), before his death in 639, Abu Ubayda appointed Khalid and Iyad ibn Ghanm as his successors,[176] but Umar confirmed only Iyad as governor of the HomsQinnasrinJazira district and appointed Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan governor over the rest of Syria, namely the districts of Damascus, Jordan and Palestine. [3] Their prominence was owed to the leadership of Khalid's paternal grandfather al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah. [81] Ayn al-Tamr capitulated and Khalid captured the town of Sandawda to the north. Routing the Byzantine armies, he surrounded Damascus, which surrendered on Sept. 4, 635, and pushed northward. [18] Khalid gained its surrender and imposed a heavy penalty on the inhabitants of the town, one of whose chiefs, the Kindite Ukaydir ibn Abd al-Malik al-Sakuni, was ordered by Khalid to sign the capitulation treaty with Muhammad in Medina. [194] A female line of descent may have survived and was claimed by the 15th-century Sufi religious leader Siraj al-Din Muhammad ibn Ali al-Makhzumi of Homs. [101] The stretch of desert between Ayn al-Tamr and Palmyra is long enough to corroborate a six-day march and contains scarce watering points, though there are no placenames that can be interpreted as Quraqir or Suwa. [102] Based on these accounts, Donner summarizes three possible routes taken by Khalid to the vicinity of Damascus: two via Palmyra from the north and the one via Dumat al-Jandal from the south. [98], In the first PalmyraDamascus itinerary, Khalid marches upwards along the Euphratespassing through places he had previously reducedto Jabal al-Bishri and from there successively moves southwestwards through Palmyra, al-Qaryatayn and Huwwarin before reaching the Damascus area. [147], Khalid was retained as supreme commander of the Muslim forces in Syria between six months and two years from the start of Umar's caliphate, depending on the source. [37][60] Mujja'a had the women and children of the tribe dress and pose as men at the openings of the forts in a ruse to boost their leverage with Khalid;[37] he relayed to Khalid that the Hanifa still counted numerous warriors determined to continue the fight against the Muslims. Akram in his ode to Khalid bin Al-Walid "Sword of Allah Khalid b. al-Waleed - a biographical study of one of the greatest military generals in history" who as part of his discussions within the chapter "The end of Malik bin Nuwaira" has opined that Malik was a rebellious apostate, who . This condition was feared by the caliph at that time, Umar ibn Khattab, would be a deviation of faith. [140], Khalid split his cavalry into two main groups, each positioned behind the Muslims' right and left infantry wings to protect his forces from a potential envelopment by the Byzantine heavy cavalry. [40], Khalid's initial focus was the suppression of Tulayha's following. The Byzantine armies were composed mainly of Christian Arab, Armenian, and other auxiliaries, however; and when many of these deserted the Byzantines, Khlid, reinforced from Medina and possibly from the Syrian Arab tribes, attacked and destroyed the remaining Byzantine forces along the ravines of the Yarmk valley (Aug. 20, 636). [58] Khalid heeded the counsel of the Ansarite Thabit ibn Qays to exclude the Bedouins from the next fight. [18][190], There is no further significant role played by members of Khalid's family in the historical record. [37][b] Khalid was Abu Bakr's third nominee to lead the campaign after his first two choices, Zayd ibn al-Khattab and Abu Hudhayfa ibn Utba, refused the assignment. [66] The commanders of the tribal contingents appointed by Khalid were Adi ibn Hatim of the Tayy and Asim ibn Amr of the Tamim. [87], All early Islamic accounts agree that Khalid was ordered by Abu Bakr to leave Iraq for Syria to support Muslim forces already present there. Its defenders were backed by their nomadic allies from the Byzantine-confederate tribes, the Ghassanids, Tanukhids, Salihids, Bahra and Banu Kalb. This expedition is important because it marks the end of the military career of the legendary Arab Muslim general Khalid ibn Walid, who was dismissed from the army a few months after his return from the expedition. Pada masanya banyak kebijakan yang menyebabkan umat islam mangalami kemajuan. He is a grandson of King Saud of Saudi Arabia on his mother's side and he is a great-grandson of King Abdulaziz, the founder of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, on both his . [159] Owing to its proximity to the desert steppe, Homs was viewed as a favorable place of settlement for Arab tribesmen and became the first city in Syria to acquire a large Muslim population. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). They remained in the possession of Ayyub's descendants until at least the late 9th century. How did Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed died? [88] Crone views the traditional reports as part of a general theme in the largely Iraq-based, Abbasid-era (post-750) sources to diminish the early Muslims' focus on Syria in favor of Iraq. [27] In June 631 Khalid was sent by Muhammad at the head of 480 men to invite the mixed Christian and polytheistic Balharith tribe of Najran to embrace Islam. [151] Among them were his independent decision-making and minimal coordination with the leadership in Medina; older allegations of moral misconduct, including his execution of Malik ibn Nuwayra and subsequent marriage to Malik's widow; accusations of generous distribution of booty to members of the tribal nobility to the detriment of eligible early Muslim converts; personal animosity between Khalid and Umar; and Umar's uneasiness over Khalid's heroic reputation among the Muslims, which he feared could develop into a personality cult. [72] The Namir were led by Hilal ibn Aqqa, a Christian chieftain allied with the Sasanians, who Khalid had crucified after defeating him.